Of all the Sufi orders operating in India, only the Chishtis and, to some extent, the Naqshbandis were destined to create a pan-Indian identity for themselves and go on to play a momentous role in the religious, social, and—according to some modern scholars—political life of the country in the medieval period. Others had, at best,…
In the sixteenth part of my memoir, I recounted the lingering sorrow following my mother’s passing and how immersing myself in scholarship provided a much-needed sanctuary. I detailed our official cultural mission to Ankara and Istanbul, the historic transformation of Allahabad University into a premier Central University under the visionary leadership of its first Vice-Chancellor,…
Popular Sufism in the Indian subcontinent is often defined by a captivating intersection of history, folklore, and deeply rooted devotion. While formal theological treatises chronicle the lives of great mystics, popular memory has created its own pantheon of revered figures whose legends transcend sectarian boundaries. Among these, few personalities evoke as much fascination, controversy, and…
In the previous part of my memoir, I recounted my fulfilling journey as a Fulbright Visiting Expert at the University of Pittsburgh, delivering lectures on South Asian Islam across institutions in Pennsylvania and reconnecting with dear family and friends. Yet, the professional satisfaction of that tour was quickly overshadowed upon my return by the deepest…
In the fourteenth part of my memoir, I reflected on a period of meaningful growth at the University of Allahabad—from expanding our department’s classrooms and organizing the Xth session of the UP History Congress to presenting my research in Bikaner and Paris. I also shared the joy of seeing my sons, Tipu and Khurram, establish…
In the previous part of my story, I chronicled my return from the dreaming spires of Oxford to the familiar plains of Allahabad in October 1995. I recounted the deep fulfillment of stepping back into my teaching duties, the domestic milestone of building our permanent family home in Ashok Nagar, and the ultimate honor of…
In the previous part of my story, I shared my transformative year at the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. While the academic environment was incredibly stimulating and my research into the Sufi silsilahs progressed well, the pull of my family and my responsibilities at the University of Allahabad eventually brought me back to the plains…
Allahabad, often celebrated for its sacred rivers, holds a far more intimate and profound history in its soil: the legacy of the Sufi saints. Beyond the physical confluence of waters lies a spiritual meeting point where mysticism, scholarship, and a radical commitment to humanity intertwined for centuries. From the early Suhrawardi pioneers who settled in…
In this final installment of our series on the Sufis of Delhi, we explore the vibrant revival of the Chishti order during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. While earlier parts of our journey traced the arrival of mystical traditions and the rise of the Naqshbandis, this post centers on the resilient figures who restored Delhi’s…
In the previous part of this series, I shared the heavy heart with which I left Allahabad in October 1994, bound for a prestigious Senior Leverhulme Fellowship at the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. The tears of my young son, Khurram, were still fresh in my memory as I boarded my flight to London, leaving…
